(1) the relative volume.An oil pipeline can carry out the task continuously. Depending on the size of the pipe diameter, its annual transportation volume can reach millions to tens of millions of tons, or even more than 100 million tons.
(2) Save land resources and occupy less land. Pipelines are usually buried underground and occupy very little land. The construction practice of transportation system proves that the buried part of transportation pipeline accounts for more than 95% of the total length of the pipeline, so the permanent occupation of land is very little, only 3% of highway and 10% of railway respectively. In the transportation planning system, it is important to give priority to the pipeline transportation scheme for saving land resources.
(3) the pipeline transportation construction cycle is short, the cost is low. The construction practice of transportation system at home and abroad has proved that the construction period of pipeline transportation system is generally 1 / 3 shorter than that of railway with the same traffic volume. Historically, it took only 23 months to build the 1152 km pipeline from Daqing to Qinhuangdao in China. It takes at least 3 years to build a railway with the same transportation capacity. It is estimated that the construction period of the 4,200 km natural gas transportation pipeline from Xinjiang to Shanghai will not exceed two years, but if a new special railway line with the same volume is built, the construction cycle will be more than three years. In particular, the geological, geomorphological and climatic conditions are relatively poor, large-scale construction of railway will be more difficult, cycle will be longer. Statistics show that pipeline construction costs are about 60 percent lower than railway construction costs.
(4) pipeline transportation safe and reliable, strong continuity. Since petroleum and natural gas is flammable, explosive, volatile and easy to leak, pipeline transportation is safe and can greatly reduce the loss of volatilization, and at the same time, the pollution of air, water and soil caused by leakage can also be greatly reduced. Pipeline transportation can satisfy the greening requirements of transportation engineering well. In addition, because the pipeline is buried in the ground, the transportation process is less affected by harsh and changeable climatic conditions, which can ensure the long-term stable operation of transportation system.
(5) Pipeline transportation has the advantages of low energy consumption, low cost and good benefits. Developed countries use pipelines to transport oil, the energy consumption per ton kilometer is less than 1 / 7 of the railway, and the transportation cost is close to water transportation in large quantities. Pipeline transportation is a continuous project, and there is no no-load travel in the transportation system, so the transportation efficiency of the system is high. Theoretical analysis and practical experience prove that the larger the diameter of the pipeline, the farther the transport distance, the greater the transport volume. To transport oil, for example, pipeline transport, water transport, rail transport costs ratio of 1: 1: 1.7.
(6) Poor flexibility. Pipeline transportation is not as flexible as other modes of transportation (such as automobile transportation). Except for the relatively simple cargo carried, it is not allowed to expand the pipeline casually. ” Door to door transportation service. To average user, pipeline transportation often must with railroad transportation or car transportation, waterage cooperates ability complete whole course of transportation. In addition, when transportation volume is obvious insufficient, transportation cost can increase significantly.
The above characteristics of pipeline transportation make pipeline transportation mainly undertake one-way, fixed-point, large amount of fluid goods (such as tap water, petroleum, oil and gas, coal, some chemical raw materials, etc.) transportation. In addition, using container packaging to transport solid goods (such as grain, sand, mail, etc.) in pipeline, also has a good development prospect.
The advantages of transporting goods by pipeline are:
(1) Transportation capacity is large, abroad a diameter of 720 mm coal pipeline, a year can transport 20 million tons of coal, almost equivalent to a single-track railway one-way transport capacity;
(2) small amount of transportation projects, less land, pipeline transportation only need to lay pipelines, construction of pumping stations, earthwork than the construction of railway much smaller. In the plain areas, most of them are buried under the ground and do not occupy farmland.
(3) small energy consumption, in a variety of modes of transport is the lowest;
(4) safe and reliable, no pollution, low cost;
(5) is not affected by climate, can be transported in all weather, high reliability of delivery of goods.
(6) Pipeline can take shortcuts, short transportation distance;
(7) Closed transportation can be realized with less loss.
The disadvantages of transporting goods by pipeline are:
(1) It is highly specific and can only transport oil, natural gas and solid slurry (such as coal, etc.), but has a fixed and reliable market in the field it occupies;
(2) The range between the initial transport volume and the highest transport volume is small. Therefore, in the initial stage of oilfield development, when it is difficult to use pipeline transport, road, railway and land transport should be used as a transition.
