Pipeline transportation is one of the international modes of freight transportation, which has the advantages of large volume, not limited by climate and other factors on the ground, continuous operation and low cost. Pipeline transportation has become the fifth largest transportation industry in China after railway, highway, waterway and air transportation. With the acceleration of industrialization and the promotion of energy structure optimization in China, the construction of oil and gas pipelines is ushering in a big one.
After more than 50 years of development, the total mileage of oil and gas pipeline transportation in China has increased from 200 km in 1958 to nearly 60 km in 2008. In particular, in 1996,
Come on, China has entered the most wonderful part of the oil and gas pipeline construction.
The total mileage of oil and gas pipelines in China increased by about 4000 kilometers annually from 1996 to 2008, and increased annually from 2003 to 2008.
More than 5000 kilometers. By the end of 2009, China had built and operated more than 60,000 kilometers of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, which could orbit the Earth’s equator for one and a half cycles. Among them, 17000 km of crude oil pipeline, 12000 km of finished oil pipeline, 33000 km of natural gas pipeline and 3000 km of submarine pipeline were built. By the end of 2010, the total length of oil and gas pipelines built in China is about 85000 km, including 45000 km of natural gas pipeline, 22000 km of crude oil pipeline and 18000 km of finished oil pipeline, forming a pattern of oil and gas pipeline network across the east and west, running through the north and south, covering the whole country and connecting overseas. With the sustained and rapid development of China’s economy and the change of energy structure, the construction of oil, natural gas and product oil transportation pipelines will be further accelerated.
What is the point of pipeline transportation in China now?
The total length of pipelines in China has grown rapidly in the past ten years. Pipeline as a whole, pipeline transportation cost is low, transport volume is stable, is still the first choice for long-distance energy transportation.
Why are many people not optimistic about vacuum pipeline transportation?
First, the cost of civil engineering is high. Refer to the cost of $1 billion to $2 billion per kilometer of high-speed rail, and it’s just a layer of pipes and air compressor pumps, a figure that can be multiplied by at least 3, or even 5.
For example, a vacuum pipe with an inner diameter of 4 meters and a metal wall thickness of 20 mm (.50) should be able to break through? Anyway, there is no way to prevent RPG-7), glass material wall thickness of 40 mm cylindrical pipe, using the following materials:
Special pressure resistant stainless steel (not the kind of crude steel that Tangshan conceals steel output, the price of crude steel for pipe is 4000 yuan / ton at present)
Aluminum alloy (12000 to 13000 yuan / ton)
Toughened glass (unit price of 10 mm thick square meters is about 90 yuan, 40 mm thick is 400 yuan / square meters)
At least every kilometer of pipeline is required.
About 3000 to 4000 tons of special steel (including external strengthening materials), the total unit price is about 1200 to 15 million yuan
About 1000 to 1500 tons of special aluminum alloy (including external strengthening materials), the total unit price is about 15 million yuan
About 12564 square meters of toughened glass, with a total unit price of about 5 million yuan
Beijing A Shanghai A two railway stations pull a straight line of about 1060 kilometers, take a thousand kilometers needs to spend 40 billion more on the metal material pipeline material cost (single line), if the number is double line to jump to 80 billion, even if you use cheap glass, it will cost 10 billion materials, and the processing fee of molding materials will not be low. There is also the near vacuum environment of pit dead father, there can not be a gap at all, ah, the pumping equipment must be arranged all the way. In order to reach the speed of sound, the radius of the curve must be increased to at least 20000 meters, and such a large curve can not be built now.
Second, acceleration and deceleration are touching. To reach a speed of 300m per second (1080kph), if the acceleration is between 0.1g and 1g, it will take about 4.5km to 45km, and the acceleration and deceleration time will take about 5 to 50 minutes. Note that if you really want to brake at an acceleration of one g, the passenger will have to bear the equivalent of 1.414 of his own weight. Can he or she be under such great pressure all the time in five minutes?
Third, the capacity of transport is worrying. Suppose the train is grouped in 16 sections, each with 60 people, a total of 960 people, which is about the same capacity as the current long marshalling train. But I can’t track it for five minutes.
What should be paid attention to in pipeline transportation?
It is suitable for the situation where the transportation volume is very large or the transportation volume is not too large and the transportation distance is relatively close.
This mode of transportation is simple in management, safe in operation and low in operating cost. It is worth noting that the one-time investment in pipeline transportation is large, the metal consumption is too large, and it can not be built in stages. The transportation system is composed of starting station storage tank, starting station pumping station, metering station, intermediate pumping station, terminal storage tank and transportation pipeline. When the transportation distance is short, there can be no intermediate pumping station. In the process of transportation, the pressure at any point in the pipeline must be higher than the saturated vapor pressure at the temperature in the pipeline to avoid the formation of gas plugs in the pipeline. The design pressure of the transportation pipeline is determined according to the maximum working pressure at the beginning of the pipeline. The lift of the pump should be greater than the sum of the total resistance loss of the pipeline, the additional pressure caused by the elevation difference between the beginning and the end of the pipeline and the residual pressure at the end of the pipeline. The residual pressure at the end of the pipe is 0.2-0.3MPa.
